after a warm afternoon run might require. does not require the same amount of restraint that resisting that same beer at 5 p.m. In addition to being conscious, we suggest that self-control requires an exertion of effort. Unlike other forms of self-regulation, which are largely automatic (e.g., Bargh, Gollwitzer, Lee-Chai, Barndollar, & Troetschel, 2001), self-control is a conscious process in which people are aware that they are doing something they would not like to do or not doing something they would like to do. Self-control may involve affect, cognition, or behavior, and may involve initiating undesired responses or inhibiting desired responses (e.g., restraining from eating cookies or engaging in difficult physical exercise).
We view self-regulation as the general process of managing thoughts, behaviors, goals, and identity ( Carver & Scheier, 1981, Rothbaum, Weisz, & Snyder, 1982) and self-control as a specific type of self-regulation that occurs only when people consciously and effortfully attempt to override prepotent, or dominant, responses to situations. Some authors use the terms interchangeably, whereas others treat them as distinct constructs. The distinction between self-control and self-regulation is blurred, or ignored altogether, in many models. But is it possible that not all acts that appear to require self-control are sufficiently demanding to consume these limited resources? We examine the possibility that people vary in the extent to which specific acts tap into self-control, and as a result, vary in the extent to which self-regulation produces a reduction in the resources that underlie self-control. The chances of needing to exert self-control in the course of daily life are quite high, and as a result, people may spend a large portion of their days in a resource-depleted state and therefore less able to exert self-control than they would prefer. If the positive experiences surpass the negative ones, then it will be more likely that players keep on playing and therefore obtain further benefit from the playing sports.A consequence of acts that require self-control is a temporary decrease in the ability to exert further self-control ( Hagger, Wood, Stiff, & Chatzisarantis, 2010 Muraven, Tice, & Baumeister, 1998). In the case of young people, basketball may a source of positive experiences for them. Positive, rewarding experiences are important for everyone. Having a teammate or coach also use this “cue word” can increase its effectiveness. Other players and teams have successfully used the concept of “next play”, getting athletes to say “next play” to themselves to focus on what they can influence (the next play) not what has already happened and thus can’t be influenced. This can be done whilst running back down the court. The coach should also speak to the player about strategies to help them develop self-control.Ī particularly successful method for players who get distracted by the decisions of referees is having them tighten their hand in a fist and then “throw the tension away” by quickly opening their hand. For example, removing a player that complained to the referee from the game and explaining who it is because the player was not focusing on what they have to do. The coach can do this through applying a penalty – showing a clear consequence that is linked to not being in “control”. Coaches must equally show this self-control themselves, because if the coach is focusing on the referee then their players most likely will too. In this situation the player must concentrate more on what they have to do in the next play. For example, an adverse decision by a referee, or a teammate making a mistake or being substituted from the game are situations where a player may be disappointed and commonly may “blow up” and complain about the situation.Ĭoaches must not accept players complaining about referees or team mates or showing they are unhappy when they come off the court. It is very important for players and coaches to develop self-control, which is simply the ability to control what they do in response to the situation they are in.īasketball presents many situations where self-control is important.
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